Bone modelling and remodelling are the final common pathways expressing all genetic and environmental factors affecting the attainment, maintenance, and decay of bone’s material and structural strength.’ During growth, this cellular machinery assembles the size, shape, and architecture of bone by depositing and removing material from the outer (periosteal) surface and the three (endocortical, intracortical,…
Read moreAdult deaths and causes of adult death are a crucial priority for global health. Yet, adult mortality has received little policy attention, resources, or monitoring studies. This study aimed to estimate worldwide mortality in men and women aged 15-59 years. A database of 3889 measurements of adult mortality for 187 countries from 1970 to 2010…
Read morePancreatic β-cells and skeletal muscle act in a synergic way in the control of systemic glucose homeostasis. Several pyruvate-dependent and pyruvate-independent shuttles increase tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate anaplerosis and increase β -cell ATP:ADP ratio, triggering insulin exocytotic mechanisms. Mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate cataplerosis gives rise to the so-called metabolic coupling factors, which are also…
Read moreVitamin A is vital during the initial stages of life. Important in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, lipid metabolism and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Human placentae express factors for the nuclear transcription of retinoic acid receptors and retinoic X receptors. Modulation of these factors by retinoic acid modulates the expression of several genes such as: chorionic…
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