The genetic make up of populations and even apparently similar races is not uniform. The exciting developments in mapping populations reveal all manner of varieties.
Fuzhong Xue et al report a molecular biological which analyses the presence of a significant boundary between the populations of north and south in China.. This had previously been indicated by archeological, anatomical, linguistic, and genetic data which suggested the presence of a significant boundary between the populations of north and south in China. However, the exact location and the strength of this boundary have remained controversial. In this study, the authors systematically explored the spatial genetic structure and the boundary of north–south division of human populations using mtDNA data in 91 populations and Y-chromosome data in 143 populations. Their results highlight a distinct difference between spatial genetic structures of maternal and paternal lineages. A substantial genetic differentiation between northern and southern populations is the characteristic of maternal structure, with a significant uninterrupted genetic boundary extending approximately along the Huai River and Qin Mountains north to Yangtze River. On the paternal side, however, no obvious genetic differentiation between northern and southern populations is revealed.
This indicates the static nature of female populations in the past. And supports the contention that mobility of males has led to population diversity.
Fuzhong Xue et al (2008) A spatial analysis of genetic structure of human populations in China reveals distinct difference between maternal and paternal lineages. European Journal of Human Genetics) 16, 705–717;

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